{"id":67050,"date":"2025-12-11T09:56:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T08:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umat.science.upjs.sk\/?p=67050"},"modified":"2025-12-11T09:59:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T08:59:01","slug":"page-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umat.science.upjs.sk\/en\/page-7\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \uc2e0\uaddc \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0 \uacc4\uc2e0\uac00\uc694"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uc2e0\uaddc \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub294 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\uc5d0\uac8c \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uac8c\uc784\uacfc \ud601\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \ubcf4\ub108\uc2a4 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc120\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \uc548\uc804\uc131 \uac80\uc99d<\/strong>\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \uc120\ud0dd\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\uc2e0\uaddc<\/p>\n

\uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uc624\ud508\ud55c \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uae30\uc900<\/h2>\n

\uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uc624\ud508\ud55c \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4<\/strong>\ub97c \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\uc99d\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \uaddc\uc81c \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc778\uc99d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc790\ubcf8\uacfc \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uc81c\uacf5\uc5c5\uccb4\uc640\uc758 \uc81c\ud734, \ube60\ub978 \ucd9c\uae08 \ucc98\ub9ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e0\uaddc \ud68c\uc6d0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud22c\uba85\ud55c \ud61c\ud0dd \uc815\ucc45<\/strong>\uc744 \uaf3c\uaf3c\ud788 \ube44\uad50\ud558\uc138\uc694. \uc2e0\uc0dd \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud655\uace0\ud55c \uc6b4\uc601 \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uacf3\uc774 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Q: \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694? A: \ub2e8\uc5f0 \uacf5\uc2dd \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc758 \ud569\ubc95\uc131\uacfc \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \ub77c\uc774\uc13c\uc2a4 \ud655\uc778\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131<\/h3>\n

\uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uc624\ud508\ud55c \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4<\/strong>\uac00 \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud569\ubc95\uc801 \uaddc\uc81c \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc778\uc99d\uc740 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \uac8c\uc784\uacfc \uc2e0\uc18d\ud55c \ucd9c\uae08\uc744 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \ucd08\uc11d\uc774\uc8e0. \ub610\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uc2ac\ub86f\uacfc \ub77c\uc774\ube0c \ub51c\ub7ec \uac8c\uc784\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294\uc9c0, \ubaa8\ubc14\uc77c \ud638\ud658\uc131\uc740 \uc6d0\ud65c\ud55c\uc9c0 \uaf3c\uaf3c\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ub9ac\ubdf0\uc640 \uc804\ubb38\uc801\uc778 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \ucc38\uace0\ud558\uba74 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc2e0\uc0dd \uce74\ud398\uc778\uc9c0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uc81c\uacf5\uc5c5\uccb4\uc640\uc758 \ud611\ub825 \uad00\uacc4<\/h3>\n

\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uae38\ubaa9\uc5d0\uc11c, \uac00\uc7a5 \uba3c\uc800 \uc0b4\ud3b4\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uaddc\uc81c \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc778\uc99d\uc740 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uacfc \ud22c\uba85\uc131\uc744 \ub9d0\ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc5f4\uc1e0\uc774\uc790, \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uc7a5\uce58\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \ubc88\uc758 \uc2e0\uc911\ud55c \ud655\uc778\uc774 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ud6c4\ud68c\ub97c \ub9c9\uc544\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/em> \uc774 \uae30\ubcf8\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uc81c\uacf5\uc0ac, \ube60\ub978 \ucd9c\uae08 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uac8c\uc784 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucc28\ub840\ub85c \uc810\uac80\ud574\uc57c \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc2b9\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \ub9cc\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uccab \uc785\uae08 \ubcf4\ub108\uc2a4 \ubc0f \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud504\ub85c\ubaa8\uc158<\/h3>\n

\"\uc2e0\uaddc<\/p>\n

\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4 \ud655\uc778<\/strong>\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc6b0\uc120\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4 \uc548\uc804\uacfc \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \ud658\uacbd\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uc81c\uacf5\uc5c5\uccb4\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec, \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud55c \uc785\ucd9c\uae08 \ubc29\ubc95, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e0\uc18d\ud55c \uace0\uac1d \uc9c0\uc6d0 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc758 \uc720\ubb34\ub97c \uaf3c\uaf3c\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud574\uc57c \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uace0\uac1d \uc9c0\uc6d0 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc131\uacfc \uc804\ubb38\uc131<\/h3>\n

\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uce74\uc9c0\ub178 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uace0\ub97c \ub54c\ub294 **\uc548\uc804\ud55c \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uce74\uc9c0\ub178**\ub97c \ucc3e\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc694. \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4\uc640 \ubcf4\uc548 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uccab\uac78\uc74c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uc635\uc158\uacfc \ube60\ub978 \ucd9c\uae08 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uaf3c\uaf3c\ud55c \ube44\uad50\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub098\uc5d0\uac8c \ub531 \ub9de\ub294 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\uc871\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ucd5c\uc2e0 \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uceec\ub809\uc158<\/h2>\n

\ucd5c\uc2e0 \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ubaa8\uc74c\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc, \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uc77d\ub294 \uc9c0\ud45c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc740 \uc778\ub514 \uac8c\uc784\uc758 \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc131, \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc \uac8c\uc774\ubc0d\uc758 \uc811\uadfc\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uba54\ud0c0\ubc84\uc2a4\uc640\uc758 \uc735\ud569\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud575\uc2ec \uac8c\uc784 \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc<\/strong>\ub97c \uc120\ubcc4\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc7a5\ub974\uc640 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \uc544\uc6b0\ub974\ub294 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uac8c\uc784 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131\uc744 \ud55c\ub208\uc5d0 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ub41c \uac8c\uc784 \ubc1c\uacac \uacbd\ud5d8<\/strong>\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\uc2e0\uaddc<\/p>\n

\ub77c\uc774\ube0c \ub51c\ub7ec \uce74\uc9c0\ub178\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0dd\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8<\/h3>\n

\ucd5c\uc2e0 \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc740 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\ud5a5\uacfc \uae30\uc220 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ud3ec\uad04\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \ucc28\uc138\ub300 \uba40\ud2f0\ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4 \uacbd\ud5d8<\/strong>\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \ud558\uc774\ud37c \uce90\uc8fc\uc5bc \ubaa8\ubc14\uc77c \uac8c\uc784\ubd80\ud130 \uace0\uc0ac\uc591 PC \ubc0f \ucf58\uc194 \ud0c0\uc774\ud2c0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc7a5\ub974\ub97c \uc544\uc6b0\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub77c\uc774\ube0c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ucf58\ud150\uce20 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\uac00 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/em> \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc \uac8c\uc774\ubc0d, \uba54\ud0c0\ubc84\uc2a4 \uc5f0\uacc4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ucc3d\uc791 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \uac16\ucd98 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc81c\uc791 \ucf58\ud150\uce20(UGC) \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc774 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub3c5\uc810 \uc2ac\ub86f \ud0c0\uc774\ud2c0\uacfc \uc2e0\uaddc \ucd9c\uc2dc \uac8c\uc784<\/h3>\n

\uac8c\uc784 \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uac00 \uc815\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uba3c\uc9c0 \uc313\uc778 \uc544\uce74\uc774\ube0c\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc, \uc0b4\uc544 \uc228 \uc26c\ub294 \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\ub85c \uc9c4\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac8c\uc784 \uceec\ub809\uc158 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654<\/strong>\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uc774\uc81c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc18c\uc720\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \ucde8\ud5a5\uacfc \ucd5c\uc2e0 \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \ud050\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5\uc774 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ud50c\ub808\uc774 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uace0, \ub3c5\ub9bd \uac8c\uc784\uc758 \uc2e0\uc120\ud55c \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\uc640 \uba54\ud0c0\ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc120\ubcc4\ud558\uc5ec \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc5d0 \ub04a\uc784\uc5c6\uc774 \uc0c8 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \ubd88\uc5b4\ub123\uc8e0.<\/p>\n